Frank Lloyd WRIGHT - UNITY Temple

2013-02-07T11:28:06.060Z

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Frank Lloyd WRIGHT - (1908) - Unity Temple (Oak Park, Chicago - Illinois, U.S.) http://gowright.org/

Unity Temple is a Unitarian Universalist church in Oak Park, Illinois, and the home of the Unity Temple Unitarian Universalist Congregation. It was designed by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and built between 1905 and 1908. Unity Temple is considered to be one of Wright's most important structures dating from the first decade of the twentieth century. Because of its consolidation of aesthetic intent and structure through use of a single material, reinforced concrete, Unity Temple is considered by many architects to be the first modern building in the world.
To accommodate the needs of the congregation, Wright divided the community space from the temple space through a low, middle loggia that could be approached from either side. This was an efficient use of space and kept down on noise between the two main gathering areas: those coming for religious services would be separated via the loggia from those coming for community events. This design was one of Wright's first uses of a bipartite design: with two portions of the building similar in composition and separated by a lower passageway, and one section being larger than the other. The Guggenheim Museum in New York City is another bipartite design.
To reduce noise from the street, Wright eliminated street level windows in the temple. Instead, natural light comes from stained glass windows in the roof and clerestories along the upper walls. Because the members of the parish would not be able to look outside, Unity Temple's stained glass was designed with green, yellow, and brown tones in order to evoke the colors of nature. The main floor of the temple is accessed via a lower floor (which has seating space), and the room also has two balconies for the seating of the congregation. These varying seating levels allowed the architect to design a building to fit the size of the congregation, but efficiently: no one person in the congregation is more than 40 feet from the pulpit. Wright also designed the building with very good acoustics.
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Alvar AALTO - (1966) - Riola Parish Church (Riola di Vergato - Italy)

2011-02-23T14:48:41.625Z

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The Riola Parish Center, or Church of Santa Maria Assunta, is a synthesis of the Aalto's reasons in the field of religious architecture. It was conceived as the request of Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro of a church, the first, that it was architecturally complying with the 'Reformed' Roman Catholic liturgy post reconcile. The aim (the first project dates back to 1966) was to provide a close relationship between altar, choir and organ, as well as the baptistery. The asymmetrical dome conveys the light within in the only nave, and especially on the altar to which it opens the Baptistery. From the opposite side through a flowing door, the entry's wall can be completely open on the great pedestrian square of the forecourt, that comes so to constitute a further amplification of the liturgical space. The architect has also designed all the interiors. The construction, started in 1975, because of financial difficulties was completed only in 1980 and with much smaller than the original proposal have participated also architects Vezio Nava, Hector Duran, Ottorino Gentilini, Glauco Gresleri, Georgio Trebbi, Eliseo Zanasi, e Marco Bruni. The bell tower, completed in 1994, consisting of vertical concrete blades respects the position in the general plan updated by Aalto in 1976. Recently it has also been completed to the gallery on side of the forecourt, which is then further define the whole architecture of the great Finnish Master. The complex is located in the Apennines, along the Porrettana's Road that leads to Bologna, and is limited on one side by the Reno river and the other from an old Roman bridge (44°13'45.71"N - 11°03'19.99"W).

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Frank Lloyd WRIGHT - UNITY Temple

Alvar AALTO - (1966) - Riola Parish Church (Riola di Vergato - Italy)